Keawakapu Artificial Reef Project

Client: State Division of Aquatic Resources (DAR)

PSI prepared the environmental assessment for the mitigation required for the inadvertent placement of DAR Z-Blocks on the Keawakapu Reef in December, 2009. PSI also provided an assessment of the modules and a proposed mitigation plan. (2013)

Potential Site for OTEC Plant Off West O‘ahu — *Potential Site for OTEC Plant Off West O‘ahu*

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)

Client: Lockheed Martin Corporation

PSI helped Lockheed Martin develop a strategy for obtaining the environmental and other approvals needed to install and operate an OTEC facility in Hawaiian waters. The work included preparing presentation materials for use with stakeholder groups, meeting with regulatory agencies to identify approval requirements and processing procedures, and developing a detailed permitting schedule. (2012)

*Tonga Offshore Mining Ltd. Seabed Exploration Contract Areas*

Nautilus Minerals Resource Assessment

Client: Nautilus Minerals, Inc.

PSI supported Nautilus Minerals, Inc. in the development of a formal mineral resource assessment of deposits of deep seabed manganese nodules in the northeastern tropical Pacific Ocean (Clarion-Clipperton Zone). Dr. Morgan served as a certified Qualified Person in the assessment effort, which resulted in the successful delineation of portions of the Tonga Offshore Mining Limited (TOML) claim area deposits as inferred resources for the purposes of reporting on the Toronto, Canada Stock Exchange. (2012)

*Proposed Wave Energy Site at Pa`uwela Bay*

Maui Wave Energy

Client: Oceanlinx, Inc.

PSI helped Oceanlinx investigate the approvals needed to install and operate a wave energy facility off the windward coast of Maui, Hawai‘i. It prepared the application for a Preliminary Permit that the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) issued in November 2009. PSI provided detailed schedules, drafted project descriptions and other pre-application materials, and identified the additional studies and information needed to complete the applications. (2011)

*Formal Signing of the NORI Exploration Contract at the International Seabed Authority Secretariat*

Nauru Marine Minerals Environmental Baseline Collection

Client: Nauru Ocean Resources, Inc.

PSI assisted Nauru Ocean Resources, Inc. (NORI) in the effort to develop an environmental data collection program to be included in their Program of Work under an exploration contract with the International Seabed Authority (ISA). PSI reviewed the draft program suggesting modifications as necessary to ensure the program consistency with the ISA regulatory requirements and presented the program for review by the ISA Legal and Technical Commission. The work contributed to the acceptance by the ISA of the NORI application for an Exploration Contract. (2011)

Gray’s Beach Restoration

Client: Sea Engineering, Inc.

Shoreline hardening and natural wave action have led to the nearly complete loss of beach sand from Gray’s Beach in Waikīkī, on the island of O‘ahu. Until the owner decided to suspend the project, PSI was responsible for preparing and processing a joint NEPA/Chapter 343 environmental impact statement. The EIS was to be used to obtain a Department of the Army Permit, a Conservation District Use Permit, and various other approvals required of coastal projects. (2010)

Kalaeloa Artificial Reef Permitting & Environmental Impact Statement

Client: Haseko (‘Ewa) Inc.

PSI assisted the Hawaiʻi Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Aquatic Resources with the siting, design, and permitting needed to establish a 108-acre site offshore of ‘Ewa for State artificial reef development. The permitting work included completion of an EA and acquisition of a Conservation District Use Permit. The reef is expected to substantially benefit marine species and serve as a recreational venue for divers and fishermen. (2009)

*Map & Chart of Mineral Abundance Related to Biological Productivity*

Geological Modeling of Deep Seabed Manganese Nodule Abundance & Metal Content

Client: United Nations International Seabed Authority

PSI worked with an international team of scientists and engineers to prepare a quantitative resource assessment for the deep seabed mineral deposits within the Clarion-Clipperton region of the Northeastern Tropical Pacific Ocean. PSI directed this team in the assembly of geological, biological, and oceanographic information and testing of various hypotheses of deposit formation to develop the resource assessment for the United Nations International Seabed Authority (ISA). (2009)

Environmental Planning for NELH Seawater Return System Hawai‘i

Client: Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawai‘i, State of Hawai‘i

PSI led a team that studied the status of and possible upgrade to the seawater return system at the Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawai‘i (NELH) on the Kona Coast of the island of Hawai‘i. The study considered hydraulic and geological factors, water quality, discharge permitting requirements, and user issues for the management of the deep seawater that is used by a variety of private and government organizations at NELH. (2002)

*Model Predictions of CO2 Plume Dispersion*

Ocean Dumping Permit Application and Environmental Assessment for Proposed CO2 Ocean Sequestration Field Experiment

Client: Pacific International Center for High Technology Research (PICHTR)

PSI prepared applications for a Federal Ocean Dumping Permit to conduct the proposed CO2 Ocean Sequestration Field Experiment at four possible locations. The applications drew on information developed for the EA and site-specific data from sites near the Island if Hawai‘i, O‘ahu, Kaua‘i, and the Gulf of Mexico. (2001)